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True and Free Seventh-day Adventists
The True and Free Seventh-day Adventists (TFSDA) are a splinter group formed as the result of a schism within the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Europe during World War I over the position its European church leaders took, whose most well known leader was Vladimir Shelkov. TFSDA members are part of the Sabbatarian adventist movement, and believe that as a result of the decisions the European church leaders took the Seventh-day Adventist Church had apostatized and had become "Babylon". The group related its origins to the Seventh-day Adventist Reform Movement which formed in Germany during the period of World War I, when Seventh-day Adventist leaders determined it was permissible for Adventists to bear arms and serve in the military.〔Murray, Katharine, "Soviet Seventh-day Adventists," ''Religion, State and Society'' 5:2 (Summer 1977), p.88–93.〕The Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement formed as the result of a schism within the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Europe during World War I over the position its leadership took on Sabbath observance and in committing Seventh-day Adventist Church members to the bearing of arms in military service.〔Holger Teubert, “The History of the So called ‘Reform Movement’ of the Seventh-day Adventists,” unpublished Manuscript, 9.〕
The Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement was formerly organised on an international level in 1925 at Gotha, Germany and appears to have been the catalyst for the formation of the (TFSDA) and both held to the core belief of a Protestant Christian denomination, part of the Sabbatarian adventist movement. Both the (TFSDA) and the Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement formed as the result of the controversy within the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Europe during World War I over the position its leadership took on Sabbath observance and in committing Seventh-day Adventist Church members to the bearing of arms in military service.〔Holger Teubert, “The History of the So called ‘Reform Movement’ of the Seventh-day Adventists,” unpublished Manuscript, 9.〕
The movement group in Germany adopted the name "Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement" while that in Russian appears to have adopted the similar "True and Free Seventh-day Adventists". While the ‘Reform Movement’ in Germany registered as a General Conference association in 1929, the (TFSDA) was organized but did not do the same. However, much like in Russian the crackdown on the Reform Movement’ in Germany began with the General Conference association's dissolution by the Gestapo in 1936 but it was re-registered in Sacramento, California, USA in 1949 so was more familiar and became better known in America than the (TFSDA).〔See on "The Name of Our Church", official SDARM Website, http://www.sdarm.org/origin/his_12_name.html〕
Both the (TFSDA) and the Seventh Day Adventist Reform movement's beliefs largely reflect its distinctive Seventh-day Adventist Church heritage, with some small divergences.
== History of the Schism ==
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